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%0 Conference Proceedings
%A Dubnov, Shlomo
%A Rodet, Xavier
%T Study of spectro-temporal parameters in musical performance, with applications for expressive instrument synthesis.
%D 1998
%B 1998 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics
%C San Diego
%F Dubnov98a
%K spectro-temporal
%K musical performance
%K parameters
%K expressive synthesis
%X Synthesizer music performance requires precise control over sound synthesis. Such a control necessitates a powerful sound synthesis engine that faithfully models the sound properties and reacts to the input commands in a realistic manner. Achieving such synthesis is not an easy task. Most of studies in instrumental sound deal with timbre of isolated sounds recorded in "laboratory" conditions, thus having practically fixed pitch and limited dynamics. The problem of expressive synthesis requires to deal with a much wider range of sound's behaviour, so called expressive inflections. One must understand the nature of sound's behaviour in a variety of playing conditions and be able to quantify the changes of spectro-temporal parameters in relation to the expressive events. These new questions are idiomatic to the specific instrument (involving subtle sound properties such as noise or "texture" of a sound), and may-be even related to the style of playing by a specific performer. As such, these questions usually are not considered to be in the "timbre" domain. In this work we present analysis of sound behaviour as it occurs in course of an actual performances in several solo works. The following parameters are investigated: 1. The amount of spectral envelope variation characterized by the range and the rate of change. 2. correlation between pitch, energy and spectral envelope variations. 3. phase coherence as function of dynamics and pitch. 4. detection and segmentation of typical temporal patterns in time. This includes both quick spectral changes during an attack and longer spectral envelope evolution during the sustained portion of the sound. 5. presence of periodic and noise components, and specifically detection of pitch correlated vs. uncorrelated noise. The final goal of this study is to provide both quantitative and qualitative representation of the expressive variations in sound and thus define a suitable parameter model. This expressive model will be further used in conjunction with the input controller, so as to achieve a proper mapping between the human controls and the synthesis parameters.
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