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    %0 Conference Proceedings
    %A Gong, Rong
    %A Cuvillier, Philippe
    %A Obin, Nicolas
    %A Cont, Arshia
    %T Real-Time Audio-to-Score Alignment of Singing Voice Based on Melody and Lyric Information
    %D 2015
    %B Interspeech
    %C Dresden
    %F Gong15a
    %K singing voice
    %K real-time audio-to-score alignment
    %K lyrics
    %K spectral envelope
    %K information fusion
    %K singer adaptation
    %X Singing voice is specific in music: a vocal performance conveys both music (melody/pitch) and lyrics (text/phoneme) content. This paper aims at exploiting the advantages of melody and lyric information for real-time audio-to-score alignment of singing voice. First, lyrics are added as a separate observation stream into a template-based hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM), whose observation model is based on the construction of vowel templates. Second, early and late fusion of melody and lyric information are processed during real-time audio-to-score alignment. An experiment conducted with two professional singers (male/female) shows that the performance of a lyrics-based system is comparable to that of melody-based score following systems. Furthermore, late fusion of melody and lyric information substantially improves the alignment performance. Finally, maximum a posteriori adaptation (MAP) of the vowel templates from one singer to the other suggests that lyric information can be efficiently used for any singer.
    %1 6
    %2 2
    %U http://architexte.ircam.fr/textes/Gong15a/
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