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In this article we comment on various definitions of the term gesture in the general literature of human-human/human-computer interaction and in the musical domain. We then review different propositions of gesture classifications (phenomenological and functional) and topics from other disciplines that are important to the discussion of gesture and music. Concepts developed by the first author related to instrumental gestures, such as energy continuum, gestural channel, and instrumental gesture typology are then introduced in this context. The proposition of illustrative case studies on acoustic instruments -- such as the clarinet and the cello -- but also some less common instruments -- the bagpipe -- help in supporting the theory. Finally, the discussion is closed by the evaluation of the role of less common or non-obvious (ancillary or accompanist) gestures for the case of the clarinet.