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    %0 Conference Proceedings
    %A Cont, Arshia
    %A Dubnov, Shlomo
    %A Wessel, David L.
    %T Realtime Multiple-pitch and Multiple-instrument Recognition For Music Signals using Sparse Non-negative Constraints
    %D 2007
    %B Digital Audio Effects (DAFx)
    %C Bordeaux
    %P 85-92
    %F Cont07b
    %K Real-time
    %K Multiple f0
    %K Instrument classification
    %K Non-negative Constraints
    %K Sparsity
    %K Modulation Spectrum
    %X In this paper we introduce a simple and fast method for realtimerecognition of multiple-pitches produced by multiple musicalinstruments. Our proposed method is based on two important facts:one that timbral information of any instrument is pitch-dependantand two, that the modulation spectrum of the same pitch seems toresult into a persistent representation of the characteristics ofthe instrumental family, as discussed in the paper. Using thesebasic facts, we construct a learning algorithm to obtain pitchtemplates of all possible notes on various instruments and thendevise an online algorithm to decompose a realtime audio bufferusing the learned templates. The learning and decomposition proposedhere are inspired by non-negative matrix factorization methods butdiffer by introduction of an explicit sparsity control. Our testresults show significant recognition rate for a realtime system andon real music recordings. We discuss further improvements that canbe made over the proposed system.
    %1 6
    %2 3
    %U http://articles.ircam.fr/textes/Cont07b/
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